FOI 686-2025 / Jul 2025 / Palestine Action
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST REFERENCE NO: FOI-686-2025
I write in connection with your request for information which was received on 7th July 2025 as follows:
Please state how many reports your police force received on the 5th and 6th of July 2025 regarding potential Terror Offences in relation to Palestine Action, which is now a proscribed terror group.
For the avoidance of doubt, this should include all reports received at any time on these two days, including reports sent electronically via email or via your website, as well as reports received via phone, in person, or any other way.
Please find the Warwickshire Police response set out below.
Response: Section 1 of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) places two duties on public authorities. Unless exemptions apply, the first duty at s1(1)(a) is to confirm or deny whether the information specified in a request is held. The second duty at s1(1)(b) is to disclose information that has been confirmed as being held.
Warwickshire Police can neither confirm nor deny whether information relevant to this request is held, as the duty in Section 1(1)(a) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 does not apply by virtue of the following exemptions:
Section 23(5) Information supplied by or concerning certain Security Bodies
Section 24(2) National Security
Section 30(3) Investigations
Section 31(3) Law Enforcement
Section 40(5) Personal Information
Sections 23 and 40 are absolute exemptions which means that the legislators have identified that harm would be caused by confirming or denying information is held. In addition there is no requirement to consider the public interest test.
Section 30 is a class based qualified exemption and consideration of the public interest must be given as to whether neither confirming nor denying the information exists is the appropriate response.
Sections 24 and 31 are prejudice based qualified exemptions and any prejudice (harm) that confirming or denying information is held would cause must be articulated as well as the public interest considerations.
Overall Harm in Confirming or Denying that Information is held
Any release under FOIA is a disclosure to the world, not just to the individual making the request. To confirm or not whether any information is held pertinent to this request would reveal whether or not there has been any information received on the dates specified, in respect of potential terrorism or terrorist related activity.
Police forces work in conjunction with other agencies and information is shared in line with information sharing protocols. Modern day policing is intelligence led and this is particularly pertinent with regard to both law enforcement and national security. The public expect police forces to use all powers and tactics available to them to prevent and detect crime or disorder and maintain public safety.
To provide the requested data, if held, for an individual force, would allow comparison between forces across the country and enable terrorists to build a picture of the effectiveness of what resources are in place and where they are deployed. Disclosure would ultimately prejudice the effectiveness of the national counter terrorism effort and would allow inferences to be drawn about force level counter-terrorism activity and identify vulnerability around the country.
If Warwickshire Police were to confirm or deny any information was held in respect of this request, this would undermine an individual force's policing capabilities, which consequently would be detrimental to our ability to deal with the on-going terrorist threat we face.
The prevention and detection of crime is the foundation upon which policing is built and the threat from terrorism cannot be ignored. It is generally recognised that the international security landscape is increasingly complex and unpredictable. The current UK threat level from international terrorism, based on intelligence, is assessed as of today’s date, as ‘Substantial’ which means that a terrorist attack is likely, see below link:
https://www.mi5.gov.uk/threat-levels
In order to counter criminal and terrorist behaviour, it is vital that the police have the ability to work together, where necessary covertly, to obtain intelligence within current legislative frameworks to assist in the investigative process to ensure the successful arrest and prosecution of offenders who encourage, support, commit or plan to commit acts of terrorism.
To achieve this goal, it is vitally important that information sharing takes place between police officers, members of the public, police forces as well as other security law enforcement bodies within the United Kingdom. Such an action would support counter-terrorism measures in the fight to deprive terrorist networks of their ability to commit crime.
The impact of providing information under FOI would provide crucial information on the police intelligence picture in respect of those who may be supportive of a proscribed organisation and to what extent they may be engaged in terrorist activity. This would provide criminals, including terrorists or those intent on committing criminal or terrorist acts, with valuable information as to where the police are targeting their investigations. Confirmation or denial would undermine the effective delivery of operational law enforcement by highlighting which areas have or have not received police attention from these type of reports. Furthermore, intelligence would be weakened thereby undermining national security and leaving the United Kingdom at risk of more terrorist attacks.
Public Interest Test
Section 24 - factors favouring confirming or denying information is held
The public are entitled to know how public funds are spent and resources distributed within an area of policing, particularly with regard to how the police investigate reports of terrorism or terrorist related activity. Furthermore, confirmation or denial may improve public debate and assist the public to take steps to protect themselves.
Section 24 - factors against confirming or denying information is held
Taking into account the current security climate within the United Kingdom, no information which may aid a terrorist should be disclosed, if held. To what extent this information may aid a terrorist is unknown, but it is clear that it will have an impact on a force’s ability to monitor terrorist activity.
The public entrust the Police Service to make appropriate decisions with regard to their safety and protection. The only way of reducing risk is to be cautious with what is placed into the public domain.
The cumulative effect of terrorists gathering information from various sources would build a picture of vulnerabilities. The more information disclosed over time will provide a more detailed account of the tactical infrastructure of not only a force area but also a country as a whole. Any incident that results from such a disclosure would by default affect National Security.
Section 30 - factors favouring confirming or denying information is held
There is a public interest in the transparency of policing and to provide assurance that Warwickshire Police is appropriately and effectively dealing with crime. Confirming or denying that any information exists relevant to this request would lead to a better informed public demonstrating that police resources are being utilised correctly to focus on criminal/terrorist activity and to protect the public.
This would provide an insight into the police service and enable the public to have better understanding of effectiveness of the police, particularly in relation to the spending of public funds and the decisions taken by officers. As transparency is intrinsically linked to public confidence, confirming or denying whether any information is held, would be likely to improve public confidence in the force.
Section 30 - factors against confirming or denying information is held
Whilst there is a public interest in the transparency of policing operations and providing assurance that Warwickshire Police is appropriately and effectively dealing with crime, there is a strong public interest in safeguarding the integrity of police investigations and operations, particularly where they relate to terrorist activity, and in maintaining confidence in the Police Service. As this is a specific area of investigation which could also relate to inviting support for a proscribed terrorist group(s), confirmation or denial would identify police focus and attention which could be used by criminals, including terrorists to disrupt investigations and evade detection. This risks the integrity of investigations and places the public at severe risk.
Section 31 - factors favouring confirming or denying information is held
National counter terrorism data is published by the Home Office on a quarterly and annual basis, which includes those who have been charged and convicted for membership of a proscribed organisation under Sections 11-13 of TACT 2000. In addition, those who have been proceeded against and convicted by the CPS in relation to the above offences (see link below), and this in itself favours confirming whether information is held.
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/counter-terrorism-statistics
Therefore, to confirm information is held by Warwickshire Police would demonstrate openness and transparency. When a request for information is made to the force it is correct that the police make appropriate information available to the general public. The provision of information, through confirming or denying whether information relevant to this request is held would accordingly, reinforce our commitment to be an open and transparent organisation.
Section 31 - factors against confirming or denying information is held
Warwickshire Police has a duty of care to the community at large and public safety is of paramount importance. If an FOI disclosure revealed information to the world (by citing an exemption or stating no information held) that would undermine the security of the national infrastructure, offenders, including terrorist organisations, could use this to their advantage which would compromise public safety and more worryingly encourage offenders to carry out further crimes.
Therefore, confirming or denying information is held, would allow terrorists to gain an operational advantage over Warwickshire Police, therefore requiring an increase in resources, which cannot be in the public interest.
Balance Test
The points above highlight the merits of confirming, or denying, whether any further information pertinent to this request exists.
The security of the country is of paramount importance and Warwickshire Police will not divulge whether any information is or is not held if to do so it would undermine National Security, our law enforcement functions, the investigative process, or place the safety of individual(s) at risk. Whilst it is recognised that there is a public interest in the transparency of policing operations and providing assurance that the police service is appropriately and effectively engaging with the threat posed by various groups or individuals, there is a very strong public interest in safeguarding the integrity of police investigations and operations in this highly sensitive area.
As much as there is public interest in knowing that policing activity is appropriate and balanced in matters of National Security, this will only be overridden in exception circumstances. Areas of interest to the police are sensitive to the extent that they reveal local intelligence.
The public entrust the Police Service to make appropriate decisions with regard to their safety and protection and the only way of reducing risk is to be cautious with any information that is released. Confirming or denying whether any information is held would reveal data around force level activity relating terrorism. This would result in an increase of harm to either current or future investigations, or the subject of the investigation. Any disclosure of information, if held, which has the potential to jeopardise an investigation, is therefore likely to prejudice law enforcement and would therefore be of assistance to those intent on causing harm.
By its very nature, information relating to the support or membership of a proscribed organisation investigations undoubtedly undermines National Security. Under FOI there is a requirement to comply with Section 1(1)(a) and confirm what information is held. In some cases it is that confirmation, or not, which could disclose facts harmful to members of the public, police officers, the Government and its employees.
Therefore, after weighing up the competing public interests, I have found that confirmation or denial whether information is held is not made out. However, no inference can be taken from this refusal that further information does or does not exist.
Your attention is drawn to the below which details your right of complaint.
Should you have any further enquiries concerning this matter, please write or email the Freedom of Information Unit quoting the reference number above.
Yours sincerely
Freedom of Information Officer
Freedom of Information Unit
Warwickshire Police
PO Box 4
Leek Wootton
Warwickshire
CV35 7QB