Judaism is an ancient religion originating in the Middle East and dating back over 4,000 years. Today there are Jewish communities all over the world, particularly within America, Israel and Europe. Estimations suggest there are 15 million Jews worldwide, of which an estimated 250,000 live in Britain. Major Jewish communities are in Greater London, Manchester and Leeds. Within the total Jewish community there are several different religious forms of Judaism in Britain. For example, traditional Jews believe that the laws and teachings of the Torah must be followed today exactly as they were laid down in the time of Moses. Progressive Jews believe that some of the Torah's teachings can be adapted to make them more relevant to modern life.
The central Jewish belief about God is contained in the Shema (statement of belief. Jews believe that God has revealed his will for them in the Torah, which is the first five books of the Bible, including 613 commandments (of which 10 are well known to Christians). Jews believe there is one God who is everlasting, and believe there will be a messiah at some time in the future. Loving God means loving your neighbour, the greatest principle of Jewish social and community life. Due to historical persecution Jewish people tend to form close-knit communities where family life is very important.
Consider;
- In this country Jews speak English Hebrew is the language of prayer.
- Jewish families take the naming system of the home country, but are also given a Hebrew name at birth.
- Traditional Jews believe that if a mother is Jewish then so is her offspring, while progressive Jews believe that a child is Jewish if brought up in the Jewish tradition.
- The Jewish place of worship is called a Synagogue and is used for prayer, study as well as a community centre. All men must cover their heads when entering. For security reasons if you wish to go to a synagogue please telephone beforehand. Visitors are welcome by prior arrangement.
- Most Jewish people adopt the standard form of Western dress, however, some traditional Jews keep their heads covered at all times by wearing a Kippah (skull cap). If for any reason this needs to be removed adopt the same practise highlighted for Turban removal under the Sikh section.
- Food is either Kosher (permitted) or Treif (forbidden). Pork is strictly forbidden. Jews cannot eat milk and meat products together. If unsure ask about dietary needs.
- Jewish burials usually take place within 24 hours of death. The majority of Jews are buried although progressive Jews may opt for cremation.